Review Questions Chapter

red coral reefs ar elaborate ne iirks of crevices, ledges, and holes make up of atomic number 20 carbonate precious coral polyps argon tiny brutes that build coral reefs by secreting a crust of limest ane near their bodies that accumulate once multiple polyps die.Coral reefs succor moderate atmospheric temperatures by removing CA from the atmosphere, act as raw(a) barriers that process protect of the worlds coastlines from erosion by banging waves and pressures, provide habitats for a variety of devil dog organisms, produce about one-tenth of the spherical fish catch, one-fourth of the catch n developing countries, provide Jobs and building materials for slightly of the worlds poorest countries, and support angle and tourism Industries price billions of dollars each year.Coral bleaching is when a coral becomes worried and the algae on which it depends for food and ruse die out, leaving an underlying clean-living or bleached skeleton of calcium carbonate this occurs because of change magnitude pissing temperatures and overspill of silt from the demesne. 2. The two major aquatic lifetime zonas be salt irrigate ( leatherneck) and fresh weewee system life partition offs. 3. Phytoplankton (plank plankton) are multiple types of algae Zooplankton (animal Lankan) are primeval and secondary consumers which lead off phytoplankton (primary consumers) or other zooplankton (secondary consumers these reaching from protozoa to large invertebrates such as Jellyfish. Alternation are much smaller plankton that whitethorn be responsible for 70% of the primary productivity near the sea get along. Nektons are strongly swimming consumers such as fish, turtles, and whales. Penthouses are bottom dwellers that attach themselves to one spot (e. G. Barnacles, oysters, worms, lobsters, crabs). Decomposer are organisms ( mainly bacteria) which break take the organic compounds in the dead bodies and wastes of aquatic organisms into simple alimentary comp ounds for use by aquatic producers. 4. A major proceeds of living In an aquatic life partition off Is the fact that there Is spunky biodiversity.A disadvantage Is that It Is constantly affected by human activities. 5. The four factors that determine the types and come of organisms found in these layers are temperature, opening to cheerfulness for photosynthesis, fade away 02 content, and availability of nutrients. 6. The devil dog systems provide climate moderation, carbon scrabble absorption, nutrient cycling, waste treatment, reduced storm impact, habitats and nursery areas, emetic resources and biodiversity, scientific in cultivateation, food, animal and pet feed, pharmaceuticals, harbors and transportation routes, recreation, employment, oil and natural gas, minerals, and building materials. . The coastal zone Is the warm, nutrient-rich, alter peeing that extends from the Estuaries are regions where rivers meet the ocean. coastal wetlands are land areas covered with wa ter all or part of the year. Mangroves are the tropical counterparts of salt marshes. Temperature and salinity alter greatly in estuaries and coastal wetlands because brine and fresh water mix, because tidal and river flows vary, and cause of land runoff.These have such a high gear gear NP because of high nutrient inputs from rivers and nigh land, rapid circulation of nutrients by tidal flows, bearing of many producer plants, and ample sunlight penetrating the shallow waters. 8. The intertribal zone is the area between low and high tides. Rocky downs are beaches with a extraordinary variety of species that occupy different niches in response to daily and seasonal changes in environmental conditions such as temperature, water flows, and salinity. Sandy shores are beaches with niches for different marine organisms. . Barrier islands are low, narrow, sandy islands that form offshore from a coastline. These are want for human development because they are pleasing however, these are at risk because the bath be damaged or unmake by flooding, severe beach erosion, or storms. The dunes should be protected because they serve as the first line of defense against the ravages of the sea. 10. Coral reefs are vulnerable to damage because they make slowly, are disrupted easily, and only din in clear, warm, and fairly shallow water of constant high salinity.Humans impact coral reefs negatively by causing ocean warming, soil erosion, algae growth from plant food runoff, mangrove destruction, bleaching, rising sea levels, increased UP exposure, damage from anchors, and damage from fishing and diving. 11 . The open sea is the shrill increase in water attainment at the edge of the continental shelf separated from the coastal zone. Its three main vertical zones are the epiphytic zone, the bathmat zone, and the unfathomable zone. The NP per unit of area is so low because of its size. 2. Humans destroy coastal wetlands for agriculture and urban development, destroy mangroves for agriculture, development, and aquaculture, fuss beaches because of coastal development and rising sea levels, degrade ocean bottom habitats by dredging and trawler fishing, and damage coral reefs. 13. fresh water life zones are the freshwater bodies of water. The two main types are standing (lentil) bodies of freshwater and flowing (lactic) bodies of freshwater. 14.Freshwater systems provide climate moderation, nutrient cycling, waste treatment, flood control, groundwater recharge, habitats for many species, catching resources for biodiversity, scientific information, food, drinking water, irrigation water, hydroelectricity, transportation corridors, recreation, and employment. Unify, and groundwater sludge fills the depressions in the earths surface. The literal zone is the zone near the shore which consists of the shallow light waters to the depths at which rooted plants give the axe growing.The liniment zone is the open, sunlit water surface layer away from t he shore that extends to the depth penetrated by the sunlight. The profoundly zone is the deep, open water where is too vileness for photosynthesis. Then benthic zone is the lowest part of the lake where mostly decomposer and detritus feeders are located. 16. The three types of lakes are the oligarchic (poorly nourished) lake, atrophic well nourished) lake, and the mesospheric (middle) lake. 17. Surface water is the water which doesnt seep into the ground or evaporate.Runoff is surface water once it flows into streams. A corner is a land area that delivers runoff, sediment, and dissolved substances to a stream. The flood plain zone is primarily populated by cold-water fish. The transition zone is inhabited by producers and cool- and warm-water fish species. The floodplain zone is populated by producers such as algae, contractible, and rooted aquatic plants along the shore. 18. Inland wetlands are lands covered with freshwater all or part of the time.Marshes, swamps, prairie pot holes, floodplains, and pencil eraser tundra in the summer are examples of inland wetlands. Seasonal inland wetlands are wetlands that are only covered by water during certain times of the year. 19. Dams, diversions, and canals fragment 40% of the worlds 237 large rivers. Flood control methods built along rivers alter and destroy aquatic habitats. Cities and farmlands add pollutants and excess plant nutrients to near streams and rivers. Many inland wetlands have been drained or filled to grow crops or have been covered with concrete, asphalt, and buildings.